中国城市的职业、阶层和关系网

【摘要】 自1978年以来,随着市场化改革的深入,中国的社会阶层结构发生了巨大的变化。改革推动了混和经济模式的出现,侵蚀着再分配经济时代的社会等级结构的制度基础,也为一种新的阶层结构的形成创造了条件。本文依据1998年中国津、沪、汉、深四市400户家庭的社会交往资料,分析春节拜年行为,测量各社会阶层间的社会纽带的强度和异质性。研究表明,中国城市同时存在两个社会分化的维度,即私有化的市场经济导致的分化和工作组织中的政治权力导致的分化。与市场决定论相反,中国社会分层的根本逻辑是经济和政治的相互影响和双重变迁。更多还原

【Abstract】 China’s class structure is changing dramatically in the wake of post-1978 market-oriented economic reforms. The creation of a mixed "market-socialist" economy has eroded the institutional bases of a cadre-dominated social hierarchy and created conditions for a new pattern of social stratification. Although conditions remain dynamic, results of a 1998 urban survey that measured strength and diversity of social ties among 400 households in Tianjin. Shanghai, Wuhan, and Shenzhen documented networks of social exchange that identify a class structure distinct from the cadre-dominated social hierarchy of the Mao era. In particular, analysis of visiting during the Lunar New Year celebration suggests an urban society simultaneously divided along two axes: one by economic success in the more privatized economy and one by distinctions in political authority at the workplace. Thus contrary to those who privilege market transactions as the primary engine for creating a new class hierarchy, we conclude that to understand processes of social stratification one needs theories and methods that work simultaneously with multiple dynamics of class differentiation rather than presuming linear hierarchy.更多还原