【摘要】 深度处理中下向流生物滤池正常运行条件下，滤柱进水段由于污染物的降解。微生物大量积累，水头损失增长较快。尤其在低温下，由于水力条件、生物微环境、生物相改变以及微生物的自我保护，滤池更易发生气塞、堵塞，其运行周期比中温时降低近2/3，严重影响了净化效果。提出了局部反冲洗法解决膜滤池低温堵塞问题。局部反冲洗后，水头损失由60cm 降到30cm 左右。局部反冲洗在改善滤柱堵塞的同时，为自养亚硝化菌和硝化菌提供了更为稳定、适宜的微环境，使 NH₃-N 的去除率由15%增至50%以上；COD_Cr的去除效果因为生物活性的增加并未受到波动。局部反冲洗后，生物量和水头损失沿层积累率的最大值出现在滤柱下段。更多还原

【Abstract】 The water head loss in the downward-flow biofilter accelerated due to the accumulation ofmicroorganisms along with the degradation of organic pollutants.Especially at low temperature both theliquid and air flows used to clogged at the unfavorable hydraulic state,biological micro-environment,variation of biological phase and self-protection of microorganisms.In this time the running cycle of thefilter was reduced to about 2/3 than that at medium temperature.It was thought that the clog could beavoided by partial backwashing of the filtering layer.By this way the head loss in the filter decreasedfrom 60 cm to 30 cm.Consequently the NH₃-N removal increased from 15% to 50% in light of thebetter micro-environment created by the backwashing operation,which is more favorable and stable tothe growth of autotrophic nitrosobacteria and nitrobacteria.After partial backwashing maximum headloss and biological accumulation were occurring at the lower part of the downward-flow biological filter.更多还原