【摘要】 田间条件下,采用远红外增温设施,在水稻抽穗期对6个品种进行高温(40℃)处理,以探讨全球气候变暖情况下,极端高温对水稻产量构成要素和稻米品质的影响及其基因型差异。结果显示:水稻抽穗期高温会显著降低水稻结实率,高温处理下6个水稻品种的结实率平均比常温对照下降25个百分点以上,但对穗粒数和千粒重影响不显著;高温也显著(P<0.05)降低稻米的整精米率,提高稻米的垩白率和垩白度,但对糙米率影响不显著。尽管各品种对高温的响应表现出显著的基因型差异,但是高温对所有品种的产量和品质均产生了严重影响。因此,培育耐热品种是解决热害的技术途径之一,但近期内,关键在于进行种植制度调整与栽培技术创新,以提高植株生态避热和生理抗热能力。更多还原

【Abstract】 An experiment was conducted in paddy field in Nanjing,China,to study the impact and its genotypic differences of extremely high air temperature(40 ℃) on rice yield components and grain quality during the heading stage.The results showed that high temperature significantly influenced seed setting rate(P<0.05) with an average decrease of 25 percentage points for six tested varieties,but no significant impact was found on the grain number per panicle and(1 000)-grain weight.In addition,extremely high temperature also reduced the head rice rate and increased the chalkiness rate and degree(P<0.05),and there was no significant impact on brown rice rate.Although there were significant genotypic differences in high temperature effects among six varieties,the heat injury were serious on rice yield and grain quality of each tested variety.These evidences suggest that new variety breeding with resistance to high temperature be one of the key technologies to reduce heat injury.In the near future,more attention should be paid to cropping system adjustment and rice(culti-) vation technique improvement to let rice plant avoid high temperature and to improve rice physiological resistance to heat injury during the heading stage.更多还原