【摘要】 在应用软件开发过程中,由于软件需求本身的隐含性、用户与开发者之间的沟通障碍,以及需求随着时间、用户的变化而变更等原因,可能使需求分析偏离实际需求而最终导致软件开发的失败,这种可能性称为需求风险。需求分析是软件开发过程中最初始、最基础的工作,也是最重要的工作之一,其成败将直接并最终决定软件开发的成败,并且呈倍增效应。需求分析的关键是使隐含的需求明确,使变更的需求可控,采用座谈会、需求调查表、需求启发、角色扮演等方法可以使需求明确化;采用面向对象的方法及UML工具、领域专家的全程参与、需求分级、二次开发接口等方法可以使需求变更处于可控范围内。实践证明,这些都是控制需求风险的有效方法。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the course of application software development,because the software’s requirements themselves imply,and the communication obstacle between the users and developers,requirements alter with time and users,these may make requirements analysis deviate from the actual requirements,and cause the failure of software development finally,we call this kind of possibility requirements risk.Requirements analysis is the most initial and the most foundamental work in software development course,and is one of the most important work too,its success or failure will finally determine the success or failure of software development directly.Requirements analysis acts an multiplication effect.The key to requirements analysis is to make the implied requirements clear,and make the changing requirements controlled.We can understand the user requirements through conversation,requirements questionary,and requirements elicitation,roll playing,etc.While through object-oriented method,UML tools,and the whole journey of the domain experts participating,requirements grading,secondary development interface,etc.we can enable requirements to change in the available range.Practice has proved these are all effective methods to reduce and control the requirements risk.更多还原