【摘要】 材料的损伤和破坏被称为力学中最复杂、最困难的难题。但是工程实践和所发生的工程灾害迫切地需要深入地研究材料损伤破坏机制,以解决并控制这些重大工程灾害地发生。大量的研究证明,材料的损伤和破坏都是从其微缺陷处起裂、扩展、贯通直至最后破坏的,因此材料的非均质性是造成材料破坏复杂性的一个重要原因。模拟岩石等非均质材料破坏过程的细胞自动机模型,充分考虑材料的非均质性,模拟了其拉伸断裂过程,研究了试验中所出现的尺寸效应现象,数值模拟结果与试验结果保持了较好的一致性。更多还原

【Abstract】 <Abstrcat> The damage of materials is called as one of the most complex and difficult problems in mechanics. But (engineering) practices and disasters press for us to deeply study the damage mechanism of materials in order to control severe engineering disasters. A great deal of research have proved that the damage of materials are caused by the crack initiation, extension, coalescence and final damage of micro-defects, so the heterogeneity of materials is an important factor to cause the complexity of material damage. The cellular automata model which simulates the (destroying) process of the heterogeneous material, such as rock, fully takes the heterogeneity of material into (consideration,) simulates its tension failure process, and studies the phenomenon of the size effect happening in the experiment. extend and finally. So heterogeneity is one of the important reasons to cause complexity of failure. (Cellular) automata are presented to simulate fracture process and study size effect. As a result, the numerical (simulation) results go well with the experimental results.更多还原