【摘要】 引入机动车比功率概念研究了驾驶条件(DrivingCondition)对机动车排放的影响及二者间的关系.利用美国Sensors公司生产的SEMTECH-D车载排放测试仪在上海选取2辆轻型柴油客货两用车开展了实际道路排放测试.测试道路包括城市快速道、主干道和次干道,2辆轻型车测试的道路全长分别为31·8和39·7km.通过计算逐秒的比功率值,研究了实际行驶中机动车比功率(VSP)与机动车油耗、空燃比和污染物排放的关系.回归分析结果表明,比功率比加速度能够更好地反映与NOx排放之间的关系,不同道路上机动车的CO、TC、NOx排放速率和油耗的比功率区间(VSPbin)分布具有较好的一致性.实测研究中VSPbin分布于-20~20kW·t-1的范围内,其中超过50%的数据分布在-3~1kW·t-1之间.高排放集中在分布频率较低的高VSP区间.应用污染物排放与VSP分布的关系式和VSPbins的频率分布可以估算机动车污染物排放总量.排放速率计算式具有一定的不确定性,还有待将来进一步修正.更多还原

【Abstract】 To study how the intensity of vehicle operation impacts vehicle emissions, the conception of vehicle specific power, which has stronger relationship with vehicle emissions, is introduced. Two light-duty diesel vehicles were chosen to do road tests in Shanghai using SEMTECH-D, an instrument provided by the US Sensors Company. The tested roads include arterial road, residential road and highway. The total length of tested roads for the two vehicles is 31.8 and 39.7 km respectively. Second by second VSP values are calculated and the relationship among fuel consumptions, air/fuel ratio, the concentrations of pollutants and VSP is studied. The dependence of NO_ x emissions on VSP is better than on acceleration. And the dependences of CO, HC, NO_x emission rate and fuel consumption on VSP are very similar for three different types of road. From the test it can be found that the distribution range of VSP bins is mainly from -20～20 kW·t -1 , among which more than 50% is between -3 and 1 kW·t -1 . Furthermore, the high emissions are fastened on the high VSP bins. Applied with the equation of emission rates and the distribution of VSP bins, vehicle emissions can be predicated. And the equation of emission rates can be improved in future because of the variability.更多还原