【摘要】 自文艺复兴和启蒙运动以来,在西方社会一直居主导地位的价值观是individualism,但individualism并不就是国人眼里的“个人主义”,更不等同于利己主义。因为张扬个性自由、崇尚个人权利、强调民主、平等,同时也尊重他人及其权利是individualism的真正而典型的特征。但把individualism译成汉语,就成了“个人主义”,就变成了自私自利、见利忘义等极端利己主义的代名词。实际上,以个人为本位的individualism与以群体为本位的集体主义是中西文化价值观的两大基本表现。本文从individualism的传统文化探寻西方社会中individualism的历史渊源与现实状况,以期重新审视并给以公正的评价。更多还原

【Abstract】 Individualism has been playing a leading role among all the values in the western society since the Renaissance and the Enlightenment. It has nothing to do with the Chinese “gerenzhuyi”, to say nothing of egoism. Because the true and typical feature of individualism is the advocating of individual rights and freedom. What’s more, individualism pays special attention to democracy and equality as well as it values the others and their rights at the same time. However, when it’s translated into Chinese, it becomes “gerenzhuyi",sharing the same meaning as the extreme egoism and egocentricity. In fact, collectivity-oriented collectivism and individuality-oriented individualism are two basic expressions of the Chinese and western cultural difference. This article is attempt to seek the development course of the western individualism through the angle of the cultural tradition and the social reality. It hopes that the Chinese people could have a better understanding and form a fair estimation of the western individualism.更多还原