【摘要】 澳大利亚油气监管的基本方针:一是政府决策,二是市场监管,三是企业竞争。根据澳大利亚的经验,实现有效的海上油气开发安全监管应具备以下条件。1)建立全国统一的、专门的安全监管机构,以统一协调不同地区的安全事务;2)建立明确的、有利执行的法律框架,以约束作业者切实履行其承担的责任;3)由富有才干和经验丰富的专家、技术人员组成高水平监管团队;4)监管机构的组织结构和管理体制要体现独立、透明、公开和成本效率原则;5)在履行法定职责和与企业打交道时,要有一个各方认可的绩效标准;6)必要时向企业及其员工授权,以识别和报告潜在的危害,并确保能够采取适当的控制措施;7)在安全、资格、环保和资源管理方面的审批程序要顺畅和协调,以确保海洋石油工业的项目开发不受到不应有的拖延。更多还原

【Abstract】 Supervision of oil and gas industry safety standards in Australiais based on three basic guidelines, namely government decision, markets upervisiona ndi ndustryc ompetition.A ccordingt oA ustralia’s experience,a chievinge ffectives afetys upervisionf oro ffshoreo ila nd gas production must be based on the following:1) A nation-wide uniform ands pecializeds upervisorya gency establishedt oc oordinate various safety-related issues of different areas. 2) A specific and enforced legal framework established to require operators to meet their legal liabilities. 3) A high quality supervision team formed bycompetent and experienced experts and technicians. 4) The organizational structure and managerial system of the supervision agency shall be based on an independent, transparent, open and cost- efficient basis. 5) There should be a mutually agreed performance standard forc ompliancew ithl egall iabilities .6) Enterprises andt heir employees should be equipped with powers, if necessary, to recognize and report potential hazards and take appropriate controls.7) Smooth and coordinated approval procedures should be put in place for safety, competency, environmental and resource management to ensure that no unreasonable delay should occur to the development of offshore oil industryp rojects.更多还原