【摘要】 促进竞争已成为包括OECD(经济合作与发展组织)国家在内的世界各国政府对天然气行业改革的 一个明确的政策取向。OECD国家采取了供应改革、需求改革、市场结构调整和竞争法规应用四大政策支柱来构 建天然气市场,促进天然气行业的竞争。近20年来,OECD国家开始了从政府干预主义向现代监管转变的探索, 大部分OECD国家已在企业自我监管、政府部门直接监管和监管机构独立监管这三种不同类型的监管制度中不约 而同地选择了独立监管的模式。建立独立监管机构,必须在职能界定和划分、组织结构设计、人员配备、经费 获取以及内外工作程序制定等方面精心安排。OECD国家在促进天然气行业竞争及监管改革方面的经验说明:天 然气行业的市场化是大势所趋;独立监管是较为成功的监管模式,不存在普遍适用的最佳模式;独立监管机构 的建立和独立监管的实施必须以监管的法律体系建设为前提,依法建立监管机构,依法行使监管权力是监管得 以顺利实施的重要保证。更多还原

【Abstract】 Promoting competition has become a clear policy favorite for many governments, including OECD countries, in their reform of the gas industry. OECD countries adopted 4 major policy pillars, i.e., supply reform, demand reform, market structure adjustment and application of competition codes. In the past 20 years, OECD countries explored how to shift from government interference to modem supervision. Most OECD countries have selected independent supervision from among three supervision modes: self supervision by enterprises, direct supervision by government and independent supervision by supervisors. To build independent supervisors, it is necessary to clearly define organization design, staffing, source of funds, internal and external working programs. Practices of OECD countries in promoting competition in the gas industry and supervision reform reveal that: a shift to a market-based gas industry is inevitable; independent supervision is a successful supervision mode, and there is no universal optimal mode. The foundation of building and implementing independent supervisors is to construct a legal system for that supervision. Adherence to the law will help guarantee a smooth transition to this independence.更多还原