【摘要】 水量平衡研究是水资源评价、规划与管理的基础。以往的水平衡模型大多是基于流域、子流域,为了以网格为单元动态模拟水平衡过程,在本文中利用GIS工具建立了基于GRID的泾河流域动态水量平衡模型,该模型空间尺度为1km×1km网格,时间尺度为月。模型的率定是利用泾河流域马莲河把口水文站的1995至1997年逐月实测径流数据,由此获取了模型的主要参数。模型率定结果表明模拟径流曲线与实测径流曲线的变化趋势基本吻合,模拟值和监测值的中值绝对误差为6.72m3/s,相关系数为0.932。最后,将所建模型用于泾河流域逐月逐网格的降水、蒸发、土壤蓄水与地下蓄水,以及形成的径流总量的动态模拟。模拟结果表明泾河流域的径流量主要集中在流域南部与中部,流域北部径流相对较低,这与流域降水分布关系密切。泾河流域的土壤蓄水与地下蓄水量的分布类似,且与径流有一定相关性。该模型模拟精度较高,基本可以满足水资源评价、规划与管理的要求。更多还原

【Abstract】 Research on water balance is the basis on water resources assessment, planning and management.Most of the former water balance model is basis on the river basin or sub-basin.In this paper, GRID-based dynamic water balance model was developedusing the GIS tools in order to modelthe process of water balance in the GIRD unit. The space scale of the model is 1km1km GRID, and the time scale is month. The model was calibrated by the runoffdata on-the-spot survey month by monthfrom 1995 to 1997. The model calibration result revealed that trend of the simulation runoff line was inosculated with the observation runoff line, its medium absolute error is 6.72m³/s, and the correlation coefficientis 0.932. At the end, the model was used in simulation of the progress of hydrological cycle on Jin river basin, and obtained the precipitation, evaporation, soil water and groundwater of every grids month by month. The simulation results revealed thatthe runoff of Jin river basin is focused on the south and middleof the river basin, the runoff on the north of the river basin is lower oppositely. This distribution is related with the precipitationdistribution. The soil water and groundwaterhas the similardistribution with the runoff. This represents that the soil water and groundwater distribution has some correlation. All of this represent that the model fitted the observed data quite well, and could satisfy the needs of the water resources assessment, planning and management in the main.更多还原