【摘要】 特克斯河恰甫其海综合利用水利枢纽工程,是充分利用流域丰富的水、土、光、热资源,加强流域的生态建设,达到经济和环境的可持续发展的重要措施。灌区土壤以灰钙土为主,还有盐土、风沙土。灰钙土的利用与改良对于耕地,在培肥熟化的同时,还要加强农田基本建设;对于荒地,选择其中土层较深厚、坡度较平缓、地形较完整,土壤养分含量较高的地区优先发展林业;对于零散耕地,应予以退耕。灌区水资源比较丰富,气候条件优越,土壤质地好,土壤含盐较轻,肥力适中。其开发利用途径,以人工生态系统代替荒漠生态系统,开发过程中注意生态建设,以林为主,农林牧综合开发,同时,发展特色产业。更多还原

【Abstract】 The natural conditions are good in the Yili region, Xinjiang. In this paper, the soils in the irrigated area with an area of 1.696×10 5 hm 2 on the south lakeshore of the Qapchy Lake are investigated and researched so as to fully utilize the abundant water, land, sunshine and thermal resources, rationally redistribute the water resources, enhance the regeneration of the ecology in the watershed, and promote the regional economic development in the Yili Region. The study results can provide the reference for improving and utilizing the soils in the Yili region. There are 11 soil families in 6 soil subgroups and 3 soil groups in the study area, that is the sierozem is distributed in the southern and central parts (the central and upper parts of the alluvial-diluvial plain) of Qapqal Xibo Autonomous County, where the groundwater level is low; the meadow sierozem is distributed in the northern part of the irrigated area (the fan-marginal zone of the alluvial-diluvial plain), where the groundwater level is high; and the salinized sierozem or solonchak is distributed in some places where the groundwater flow cannot flow smoothly or the mineralization of groundwater is high. Construction of the key water control project at the Qapchy Lake in the Tekes River watershed, a tributary of the Yili River in Xinjiang, will be advantageous for fully utilizing the rich water, land, sunshine and thermal resources and strengthening the regeneration of ecological environment in the Tekes River watershed, and will be one of the important means to achieve the economic and environmental sustainable development in the watershed. Sierozem is dominant in the project area, and there are also solonchak and aeolian sandy soil. Farmland capital construction should be enhanced while fertilizing soil so as to utilize and improve sierozem in the watershed; for the wastelands, afforestation should be preferentially developed in the regions where soil layer is thick, lands are gentle-sloped, and the soil nutrient content is high; the project of withdrawing from farming to afforesting and grass planting should be implemented on the odd lands. The project area is characterized by rich water resources, advantageous climatic conditions, fine soil quality, low soil salt content, and moderate soil fertility, so it is suggested that the desert ecosystems be substituted by artificial ecosystems, the ecological regeneration should be paid great attention to in the development, afforestation should be dominant so as to achieve the synthetical development of agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry, and the characteristic industries should be also developed.更多还原