【摘要】 基于1990和2000年的塔里木河中下游土地利用／覆盖变化资料，计算了塔里木河中下游生态系统的服务价值，分析了土地利用变化特点和生态系统服务价值变化的原因。结果显示：塔里木河中下游生态系统服务从1990年的117．17×10~8元降低到2000年的82．76×10~8元，这10年期间，生态系统服务价值共减少了34．41×10~8元，年平均递减3．44×10~8元，减少幅度为29．4％。从生态系统服务价值变化的原因看，天然林地和湿地面积的大幅减少是本区生态系统服务总价值减少的主要原因，这与塔里木河中下游同期来水量减少的事实是相符合的。而气候转变引起内陆水体的增加和受调水影响造成耕地的增加对本区生态系统服务价值的贡献不大，说明塔里木河中下游生态环境在这十年仍处在一个明显的退化过程中。更多还原

【Abstract】 Belonging to the warm-temperate arid desert climate in the middle and lower reaches of the Tarim River, the annual precipitation varied in a range of 20～50 mm only, but the annual evaporation is as high as 2500～3000 mm. Under such arid desert climate, the zonal vegetation is dominated by temperate shrubs and semi-shrubs. The large-area non-zonal meadow vegetations grow at the flood lands and low terraces along both riversides to form the arbor-shrub-grass belts. The vegetation species are dominated by Populus euphratica, Tamarix sp., Lycium ruthenicum, Halimodendron halimodendron, Phragmites australis, Apocynum venetum, Alhagi sparsifilia, Karelinia caspica, etc. The middle and lower reaches of the Tarim River are in shortage of water resources, and the industrial and agricultural water consumption relies mainly on the Kongque River and Tarim River. In this paper, the service value of the ecosystems in the middle and lower reaches of the Tarim Rive is calculated, and the causes resulting in the land use change and the change of service value of ecosystems are analyzed based on the data of land use/cover change in the middle and lower reaches of the Tarim River in 1990 and 2000. The results show that the service value of ecosystems in the middle and lower reaches of the Tarim River was reduced from 1.1717×10¹⁰ yuan in 1990 to 8.276×10⁹ yuan in 2000, the service value of ecosystems was reduced by 3.441×10⁹yuan in these 10 years, and the annual reduction was as high as 3.44×10⁸yuan. It is considered that the reduction of service value of the ecosystems in the middle and lower reaches of the Tarim River was mainly caused by the reduction of areas of natural forests and wetlands, which accorded with the reduction of inflow to the middle and lower reaches of the Tarim River during the same period. The contribution of climate change bringing about the enlargement of waters and the enlargement of arable-lands because of implementing the project of transfusing stream water for regenerating the ecology in the lower reaches of the Tarim River to the service of ecosystems in the study area is not so significant, and these reveal that the ecological environment in the middle and lower reaches of the Tarim River was still in degeneration during the period of 1990-2000.更多还原