【摘要】 种子质量是农业生产中的重要元素,它包括种子真实性和品种纯度2个方面。目前检测种子质量大致主要有3种方法:大田鉴定法,生化标记鉴定法和DNA分子标记鉴定法。大田鉴定法和生化标记鉴定法在实践过程中存在着一些无法解决的问题,使得它们的应用受到一定的局限性。DNA分子标记技术是随着分子生物学的发展而发展起来的一种新型的鉴定方法。它具有简便、快速、准确的特点,弥补上述2种传统鉴定法的缺点。本文对几种生产中常用的DNA分子标记技术根据其特点进行了分类,介绍了每种标记方法的基本概念,基本原理,并对其应用过程中优缺点进行了简要概括;主要就每种标记技术在种子真实性和品种纯度检测应用方面对前人的研究进行了详细综述;列举了理想的作物种子真实性和品种纯度鉴定方法应该满足的基本要求。DNA分子标记技术在农作物种子真实性和品种纯度鉴定方面存在的问题主要是,目前还没有建立专门针对杂交种纯度检测的分子标记,这也制约了分子标记应用的普遍性。DNA分子标记技术与大田鉴定法和生化标记鉴定法相比具有独特之处,故在农作物种子真实性和品种纯度检验中成为首选的方法。但是其更为广阔的应用前景还有赖于DNA分子标记技术的进一步发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 The seed quality, which includes seed purity and seed authenticity, is an important element in the agriculture production practice. There are mainly three methods to identify the seed quality: field morphological identification method, biochemical marker identification method and DNA molecular marker identification method. Some fatal problems existing in the field morphological identification method and biochemical marker identification method can not be solved in the agriculture practice, which restricts their further development. However, DNA molecular marker technique is a new identification method developed with the evolution of the molecular biology. It makes up the deficiency of the field morphological identification method and biochemical marker identification method with its more accurate, more convenient and faster approach. Several DNA molecular markers in common use are classified according to their special characters in this paper. The applications of each DNA molecular markers in the seed purity and seed authenticity test are mainly reviewed with many previous studies after their notions, basic principles, advantages and disadvantages in practice are produced. Moreover, the essential requirements of an ideal method to identify seed purity and seed authenticity are showed in the paper. The primary problem of the DNA molecular marker technique on the application in the identification of seed purity and seed authenticity is that there is no special DNA molecular marker techniques established for the hybrid seed purity test at the present time, which limits the applications to a certain extent. The particular superiorities of the DNA molecular marker techniques compared with the field morphological identification method and biochemical marker identification method make it preferred approach in the seed quality identification. But it is sure to say the prospect of its more widely application in the seed quality identification depends on its further development.更多还原