【摘要】 目的　探讨经短链季铵盐表面活性剂改性后的有机膨润土的结构特征。　方法　分别以四甲基溴化铵、四乙基溴化铵、四丙基溴化铵、四丁基溴化铵、四戊基溴化铵改性钠化膨润土 ,用 IR、XRD等测试手段对改性后的有机膨润土进行表征。　结果　有机改性后的膨润土撑开的层间距 d随短链表面活性剂链长的增大呈递增态势 ,短链表面活性剂进入膨润土层间的物质的量则随表面活性剂链长的增大呈递减态势 ,但是四甲基溴化铵、四乙基溴化铵有机化膨润土的行为不能很好服从上述趋势。　结论　短链季铵盐表面活性剂主要是以离子交换方式进入蒙脱石层间 ,其中四甲基、四乙基阳离子在层间呈“假双层”排列。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To probe into the characters of organic bentonite’ structure after having been modified by short-chain surfactant of quaternary ammonium salt. Methods Sodium bentonite modifived with short chains surfacetants: tetramethylammoniun bromide, tetraethylammoniun bromide, tetrapropylammoniun bromide, tetrabutylammoniun bromide and tetrapentylammoniun bromide respectively, and character of modified organic bentonite was measured with IR and XRD method. Results Short-chain surfactant of quaternary ammonium salt inserts into the layer of bentonite by means of ion exchange, during which the ions of tetramythylammoniun and tetraethylammonium exhibit an arrangment of “pseudo-double-deck” between layers. Conclusion The short-chain surfactant of quaternary ammonium may penetrated into organic bentonite spacing layer by means of ion exchange, that don’t obey the general rule of more increases of chain length more surfactant inserted into the bentonite spacing layer.更多还原