【摘要】 【目的】　了解单纯肥胖症儿童气质特点及其相关因素,为临床进行心理干预提供理论依据。　【方法】　用“3~7岁儿童气质问卷”及“8~12岁儿童气质问卷”分别对相应年龄组的单纯肥胖组(研究组)及正常体重组(对照组)儿童各249名进行问卷调查。用自制“儿童气质相关因素问卷”进行相关因素调查。　【结果】　在气质类型分布上,研究组与对照组差异有非常显著性(P<0.01)。在气质维度上,轻度肥胖组的3~7 岁男、女童活动水平以及重度肥胖组的男童节律性与对照组相比差异有显著性(P<0.05)。8~12岁男性中度肥胖组的反应阈、重度肥胖组的节律性与对照组相比差异有显著性(P<0.05);而女性轻度肥胖组注意分散和反应强度明显高于对照组,中度肥胖组之趋避性和持久性,重度肥胖组之趋避性和反应阈分值均明显高于对照组(P<0.05 或0.01)。影响肥胖儿气质的因素有:出生体重、出生是否足月、分娩方式、父母婚姻关系、家庭结构、是否独生子女、管教方法、管教态度、父母文化程度。　【结论】　单纯肥胖儿童的抚养教育中要针对其气质特点,重视改善成长环境,提高父母自身素质,改进管教态度和方式,是促进其健康发展的重要途径。更多还原

【Abstract】 【Objective】To find out the temperament characteristics of simple obese children and related factors. 249 simple obese children(the study group)and 249 normal children(the control group)were investigated by temperament questionnaires used respectively for children aged 3～7 and 8～12 years old. The related factors of the two groups were investigated by self-made questionnaires. There was significant difference between the two groups in temperament type distribution( P <0.01).At the level of temperament dimension,the activity level of 3～7-year-old boys and girls of slight obesity and the rhythmicity of severely obese boys were much different from that of the control group( P <0.05).The rhythmicity and attention dispersion of obese boys and girls were obviously related with parental instruction and instructing manner. The threshold of response of the moderately obese boys aged 8～12 years old and the rhythmicity of severely obese group showed obvious differences when compared with the control group( P <0.05).The distractibility and reaction intensity of slightly obese girls were higher than that of the control group.Attention span and persistant of the moderately obese group and the approach withdrawal and threshold of response of severely obese group were higher than that of the control group( P <0.05 or 0.01). The influence factors on temperament include:birth weight,pregnant weeks,childbearing way, parents’ marriage relation,family construct, whether only child,the education method and attitude to the child, parents’educational background. [Conclusion] Much more importance,according to their temperament dimensions,should be placed on the family environment,the parents’ self-cultivation,and the attitude and the manner of the parents’ instruction when bringing up obese children. It is very important for the children’s healthy development.更多还原