【摘要】 总结了线粒体基因和核基因在膜翅目小蜂总科分子系统发育研究中的应用。核基因中 ,2 8SrDNA序列应用最广泛 ,探讨的问题从种级到科级不等 ;其次是ITS序列 ,主要用于探讨种及种级以下阶元问题 ;18SrDNA适于探讨科级以上高级阶元的问题。线粒体基因中 ,16SrDNA和 3个蛋白编码基因COⅠ、COⅡ和Cytb,主要用于属种级系统发育关系研究。核基因间、线粒体基因间、核基因和线粒体基因间以及分子数据和形态数据间进行的联合分析 ,在解决不同层次的问题中均有应用。建议对更多的小蜂类群测定线粒体基因和核基因的序列 ,不断寻找新的基因对小蜂分子系统发育研究进行充实和拓展更多还原

【Abstract】 The application of nuclear and mitochondrial gene sequences used in the molecular phylogenetics of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) are summarized, with a special focus on the scientific problems resolved by them. For the nuclear genes, sequences of 28S rRNA are mostly used to study the phylogenies from species to family level, ITS for species level and below, 18S rRNA gene for higher-level above family. For the mitochondrial genes, 16S rRNA、 COⅠ、 COⅡ and Cytb, are mainly utilized to study the phylogenetic relationship at the genus or species level. Combined analyses are performed among multiple genes, even molecular data and morphological data. The mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences of more taxa should be sequenced. New genes should be explored for our understanding of evolution.更多还原