【摘要】 通过2004年6月至10月,在陕北对降雨形成的乡村聚落土壤侵蚀的定位观测,其结果表明:①乡村聚落的平均径流系数为0.335,其中延安最大,为0.44;榆林和绥德较小,分别为0.293、0.272。同时,道路和庭院的径流系数较大,分别为0.39、0.377,户间空地较小,为0.277;②径流平均含沙量以户间空地最大(52.54g/l),次为户间道路(41.42g/l),而院落径流含沙量较小(17.78g/l);③乡村聚落的平均侵蚀强度为5434.3t/km2,已达强度级侵蚀,其中户间道路、户间空地侵蚀较大,分别为7348t/km2、6873t/km2,庭院相对较小,为2081.7t/km2;④乡村聚落土壤侵蚀的变化,受人为影响更加突出。说明黄土高原乡村聚落土壤侵蚀较严重,并且具有特殊性,不可忽视,应加强研究和防治。更多还原

【Abstract】 After observing the soil erosion of rural settlements formed by rainfa lls (water erosion) based on field survey in northern Shaanxi province, this pap er draws the following conclusions. (1) The average runoff coefficient of rural settlements is 0.335. The maximum runoff coefficient is 0.44, which exists in Ya n’an county. The runoff coefficient in Yulin city and Suide county is 0.293 and 0.272 respectively, relatively small. Among the land-use types of rural settleme nts, the runoff coefficient of road land and yard is greater (separately 0.39 an d 0.377), and the runoff coefficient of open space between houses is smaller (0. 277). (2) The average runoff-contained sediment amount of open space between hou ses is the greatest (52.54 g/L), that of settlement yards is the smallest (17.19 g/L), and that of road land is placed in the middle (41.42 g/L). (3) The averag e erosion intensity of the rural settlements in northern Shaanxi Provence is 543 4 t/km2·a, falling into the category of severity erosion. The erosion intensity of road land and open space between houses is respectively 7348 and 6873 t/km2 ·a, greater than that of the settlement yard (2081.7 t/km2·a). (4) The change of soil erosion of rural settlements is affected more prominently by human activ ities. It concludes that soil erosion of rural settlements on the Loess Plateau is quite severe and has its particularity. Therefore it can not be ignored and m ust be paid attention to its research and prevention.更多还原