【摘要】 采用MTCLIMC山地小气候模拟模型对岷江上游气候变量进行了模拟,由已知测站的数据作为输入,对整个岷江上游平均最高温度、平均最低温度、潜在蒸散发进行估计,模拟时段为1995年7-9月。结果表明:此3种气象指标的最高值均出现在7月,7月份温度高,潜在蒸散量大,从7月到9月,各项指标均递减,它们的空间分布基本是与地形变化一致的,但由于植被因素的作用,潜在蒸散量的表现略有不同。最后,选取岷江上游已有的五个气象测站1981-2000年的实测数据对模拟的结果进行验证,模拟结果基本符合,平均最高温与平均最低温拟合的相对误差较小,蒸散发的相对误差较大。以MTCLIM模型与GIS技术相结合,采用不同垂直递减率,运用Kriging方法,对气象因子的时间、空间分布的模拟,不仅可以了解温度、湿度等诸因子在岷江上游的空间分布情况,为更进一步的生态过程研究奠定基础;同时也可以为建立基于地形的分布式流域植被动态水文模型提供气象参数,以揭示不同森林植被类型与水文功能的耦合关系。更多还原

【Abstract】 Climate modeling was carried out by MTCLIM for the up-reaches of Minjiang River On the basis of data obtained in monitoring stations, the mean maximum temperature, mean minimum temperature and potential evaportranspiration were estimated for the modeling period time from July to September, 1995. The maximum of the three meteorological indexes all appeared in July and decreased gradually from July to September,with their spatial distribution changing correspondingly to the topographic change of the landscape but the potential evapotranspiration changed differently due to the effect of vegetation. The modeling result was verified by the obtained data in stations. The relative error of mean maximum temperature and mean minimum temperature was minor, while the potential evaportranspiration was major. The modeling result was in general acceptable. When combining MTCLIM with GIS,the climate modeling may provide the spatial distribution of climate factors for advanced ecological process study, and also meteorological indexes for hydrological modeling of watershed vegetation.更多还原