【摘要】 根据露天矿汽车运输土质路面特征及扬尘的发生机理，从环境本底条件出发，建立了黏结凝并、吸湿、保水等抑尘因子的选择原则．对蔗糖、可溶性淀粉、丙三醇、碳酸钠、硅酸钠等因子进行了粘度、吸湿、高温抗蒸发及研磨抗辗压等实验模拟研究，并与纯水进行了对比．结果表明，由可溶性淀粉、硅酸钠和丙三醇组成的抑尘剂，粘度可达510mPa·s，粉尘的饱和吸剂率达到65．3％，恒高温（45℃）下单位面积的抗蒸发速率为0．03g·cm^-2·h^-1，抗蒸发时间达65．17h，具有强的黏结、凝并、吸湿、保水、抗高温和固结路面等性能，而且吸附性强，不产生喷洒时的二次扬尘，对矿石加工与冶炼无任何副作用，环境友好．更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on the environmental background of an open pit and the mechanism of dust forming on an automobile soil pavement, the principle of selecting dust suppressive factors such as adhesion, agglomeration and hydrophilicity was established. Sucrose, soluble starch, glycerine, sodium carbonate and sodium silicate were selected and a series of experimental simulations were carried out to test the viscosity, hygroscopic capacity, anti-evaporability at a high constant temperature of 45℃, and anti-jarring performance by milling. In order to analyze dust suppression effect, pure water was used for comparison with the above factors. The results showed that the dust suppressor, which was composed of dissoluble starch, sodium silicate as well as glycerol, possesses a viscosity of 510 mPa·s^-1, a saturated suppressor’s hydrophilicity percentage of 63.5% and an evaporation rate per unit area of 0.03 g·cm^-2·h^-1 at 45℃ well as a lasting anti-evaporation time of 65.17 h, provided with high performances of adhesive effect, agglomeration, hydrophilicity, anti-evaporation as well as road surface solidification. Besides, it has strong adsorptive capacity, no secondary dust in insufflation of the dust suppressor, no side effect in mineral preparation and metallurgy as well as is innocuous and harmless to the environment.更多还原