【摘要】 烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚(APEOs)是一种广泛使用的表面活性剂,在污水处理厂和环境中降解为持久性更强,毒性更大的烷基酚(APs)———辛基酚(OP)及壬基酚(NP),以及短链的NPEO1、NPEO2和NPEO3。这些代谢物中的有些有类环境激素性质,目前环境中存在的浓度已经达到扰乱野生生物和人类内分泌功能的剂量。本文对APEOs和APs在环境各介质中的行为进行综述,列出了该类物质在大气、室内空气、地表水和水底沉积物中、污水处理厂的出水、剩余污泥中,以及土壤等环境各相中的浓度阈分布,同时也分析了其在环境中的迁移转化和归趋,旨在为今后的研究提供有效的依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 The present paper aims to review the fate of alkylphenol and alkylphenol ethoxylates（APEOs） in the environment.As is known,APEOs are widely used as nonionic surfactants,and are widely found in sewage treatment plants（STP） or in other environmental pollution control practices.However,the metabolites of APEOs such as nonylphenol（NP） and octylphenol（OP）,together with the short chain APEOs such as NPEO1,NPEO2 and NPEO3,are more toxic alkylphenols,and the break-up of their metabolites proves rather slow and even persistent.High Kow values of the said small metabolites determine that they will be partitioned effectively into sediments or biophase when discharged from the STP.Therefore the high concentration in water phase,combined with their high partition coefficients, will provide a significant reservoir in various environmental compartments.In the air,for example,levels of NP range from 2.2 ng·m^-3 to 70 ng·m^-3 with the seasonal trends was observed.Concentrations of APEOs metabolites in treated wastewater effluents in the Germany range from 0.025 μg·L^-1 to 0.77 μg·L^-1,while in Spain up to 343 μg·L^-1.The concentrations prove to range from 0.006 7 μg·L^-1 to 644 μg·L^-1 in surface waters,and relatively high concentrations were even found in drinking water.Levels in sediments reflect the high partition coefficients with concentrations reported ranging from 0.1 μg·kg^-1 to 13,700 μg·kg^-1.In soil,the concentrations of APEOs metabolites can even reach 2.72 μg·g^-1 due to the large amount of discharge of sludge from STPs.Aquatic organisms and hydrophytes were also found containing up to 38 μg·g^-1 NP and 80 μg·g^-1 NPEO1,though APEOs degrade faster in the water column than in the sediment.Aerobic conditions facilitate further biotransformation of APEOs metabolites than anaerobic conditions.So far as we know,it is possible to accelerate the degradation of APEOs metabolites by increasing the temperature.更多还原