【摘要】 为确定唐山市区的大气环境容量,根据唐山市自然环境、污染气象特征、大气环境过程、区域污染源分布等现有信息,利用飞机场探空气象资料研究了唐山市大气混合层高度,并建立了用于大气环境质量预测的多维多箱与高斯复合模型,结合大气环境质量标准计算了不同达标率下唐山市的大气环境容量。研究结果表明,复合模型能够综合考虑各类影响因素,对污染物浓度具有较高的预测准确度,能有效地应用于大气环境容量计算中。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper intends to evaluate the atmospheric environmental capacity of the urban area of Tangshan City. The atmospheric environmental capacity refers to the maximum amount of emission on the condition that the ecological system and the atmospheric environment of a city are not polluted. In this study, the authors have gathered primary data on the natural environment, the meteorological characteristics, the process of atmospheric environment as well as the distribution of local pollution sources of the City. As an indispensable factor for evaluation of atmospheric quality, measurement has been done with the atmospheric mixing height by using the dry adiabatic method, based on the data provided by the airport meteorological stations of Tangshan. Therefore, it is necessary to establish the atmospheric environment quality by using the composite model of multi-dimensional and multi-box model and/or Gauss model. The essential principle of building such a model is to take into account the balance of quality in any sub-box established, and the effect of physical sediment, chemical transformation, vertical and horizontal diffusion of air pollutants. To establish such a model for predicting the air pollutant diffusion from surface sources, it is necessary to divide the whole Tangshan urban area into 21 sub-boxes, including the upper space. The equation groups can be defined by taking the four major directions as chief parameters respectively. Gauss model is also established to predict the air pollutant diffusion from the given point pollution sources. As a result, the composite model of multi-dimensional and multi-box model and/or Gauss model is expected to evaluate the air quality rather accurately on the chosen days according to the surveillance data of air quality, with the average expected error at about 10%. Thus, the atmospheric environmental quality of Tangshan City under the different atmospheric environment factors has been calculated on the basis of the above model. Therefore, it can be said that the accuracy of the evaluation by using the above model is comparatively reliable. Hence, it can be effectively used to assess the atmospheric environmental capacity.更多还原