【摘要】 首先对突发事件类型及要素进行了分析 ,认为突发事件是由孕育环境、突发事件、社会冲击场三者组成 ,其最大属性是作用时间的快慢和空间影响范围的大小 ;其次 ,对突发事件管理进行探讨 ,认为突发事件管理涉及致灾因子、社会承灾体、以及监测和预报评估等多方面 ,对这些方面进行优化设计 ,可以提高整个突发事件管理系统日常运行和应急效率。更多还原

【Abstract】 First the authors have made a general revision of emergency management records, then, they have given a detailed discussion on the relation among environment, emergency itself and the impact of the three main elements of emergency on the society. Since the emergencies are the events that take place unexpectedly and beyond human control, and in turn bring about negative influence on human society in somewhat unfavourable state, it is natural that the society gives active response to such emergencies. Facing such unhappy emergencies, it is of primary importance to think how to design an efficient monitoring network and raise the efficiency of the managing system. The main features of emergency include the speed of its happening, duration and the space of impact. Next, the authors category the various emergent events and the mutual relations between the disasters. Later, the authors brought out a emergency system management framework, composing with emergency hazards, human society, monitoring, risk identifying and evaluation sub-systems. The key factor in dealing with emergency hazards is to optimise these sub-systems and heighten the efficiency of the controlling system. Finally, the article has made a detailed discussion of the models of emergency identification, the perfection of monitoring network and tactics so as to optimise the resources to prevent and salvage of viable emergencies.更多还原