【摘要】 过去10年,对模式植物拟南芥的分子遗传学研究建立了植物乙烯信号转导线性模型。乙烯结合到受体上,经一条MAPK级联反应和转录级联途径将信号转导而产生乙烯反应。拟南芥乙烯受体家族由5个成员构成,ETR1、ERS1、ETR2、ERS2和EIN4。乙烯受体包括三个结构域:乙烯结合结构域、组氨酸激酶结构域和反应调控结构域。乙烯受体定位于内质网,与CTR1协同负调控乙烯反应。ENI2、EIN3／EIL、ERF1依次位于CTR1下游,正调控乙烯反应。EIN3属于转录激活因子调控蛋白家族,受转录后调控。乙烯稳定EIN3结构,EBF1／EBF2促进EIN3分解。ERF1是转录调控因子家族成员之一,是EIN3／EIL的直接作用目标。更多还原

【Abstract】 During the past decade, molecular genetic studies on the model plant Arabidopsis have established a largely linear signal transduc-tion pathway for the response to ethylene gas. Ethylene response occurs by receptors binding ethylene and signaling along a linear signal trans-duction pathway comprising of MAPK and tran-scriptional cascades. Ethylene receptor family in Arabidopsis consists of five components, ETR1, ERS1, ETR2, ERS2 and EIN4. Each receptor contains an amino-terminal ethylene-binding domain (also called the sensor domain). Some receptors contain a well-conserved carboxy terminal histidine (His) kinase domain and some have an additional receiver domain. Some contain a degenerate His-kinase-like domain that lacks one or more elements and some lack the receiver domain. The ETR1 localizing to endo-plasmic reticulum and activating CTR1 negatively regulates the ethylene response as an in-hibitive ETR-CTR1 complex. ENI2, EIN3, ERF in turn act downstream of CTR1 and positively regulate the ethylene response. EIN3/EIL, members of regulative protein family activating tran-scription factor, is posttranscriptionally regulated and stabilized by ethylene. F box proptein EBF1/ EBF2 accelerate the EIN3 degeneration. ERF1, one of transcription factor family, also called ethylene response element binding protein, is the direct target of EIN3. The biochemical mechanisms of components interaction with each other in the signal transduction pathway are still unknown and largely further research are needed. The signaling pathway is possibly a network consisting of many branches, in which various ethylene-dependent and independent signaling factors cooperate with each other, and complete the specific regulation of different species, developmental stages and tissues response to ethylene.更多还原