【摘要】 该文利用时空数据模型引入时间维,在GIS平台上分析了我国华北地区和华东部分地区1961年～2000年温度、降水和日照时数的时空变化规律,以及三者的相互联系。结果表明,华北地区北部温度变化不大,而南部和华东部分地区温度升高明显,10年平均气温大约升高0 5℃ 40年;华北地区降水呈东南高西北低的特点,并有明显的年代际变化,华北南部和北部的降水变化存在一定的反相关关系,华北北部降水减少,而东南部降水却呈上升势头;华北地区和华东部分地区的日照时数都有明显的降低。对三者的关系进行了定性分析,华北中北部温度和降水的关系为暖干型,而南部和华东地区为暖湿型;华北中北部日照时数的降低主要是因为大气污染加剧而引起,而华北东南部和华东部分地区是由于降水的增加,即云量的增加和晴天日数的减少而导致日照时数的降低。对温度、降水和日照时数时空变化规律的分析有助于对未来气候变化做出合理的预测,并制定相应的对策。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper introduces temporal dimension analysis upon the conventional GIS platform. The spatial and temporal variations of air temperature, precipitation, and sunshine hours, and their relationships are analyzed in North China and some areas in East China within the past 40 years from 1960 to 2000. The results show that while average temperature in the north part of North China changes little, that in the south and some areas in East China increases obviously; the annual average temperature increases 0.5℃/40 year; And the precipitation in the northwest part of north China is higher than that in the southeast part; and inter-annual changes are obvious. The precipitation changes in the north and south part of North China show different trends. The precipitation in the north decreases, but it increases in the south. With regard to spatial distribution of sunshine hours, it is high in the northwest and low in the southeast in the study area; along the temporal dimension, i.e. from 1960s’ to 1990s’, it has decreased more or less in the study area, especially, the sunshine hours has decreased obviously in the north part of North China. The outcome of the qualitative analysis shows the relation among the three climatic factors, the relation between average temperature and precipitation is a warm-dry type in the central and north part of North China; nonetheless it is a warm-humid type in south part and the areas of East China. The decrease in sunshine hours in the center and north part of North China is attributed to serious air pollution, while the decrease in sunshine hours in the south part of North China and the areas of East China is ascribed to the increase in precipitation, that means, increase in clouds and decrease in number of sunshine day has resulted in the decrease in sunshine hours. The analysis of spatial and temporal variations of air temperature, precipitation, and sunshine hours will be helpful to rational prediction of changes in climate, and corresponding decision-making.更多还原