【摘要】 在网室条件下对旱作水稻与花生间作的产量效益进行了2年试验研究,从氮素营养的角度对其产量优势进行了分析。结果表明,水稻/花生间作具有显著的产量优势,间作产量可以提高18％～41％(LER)。间作系统中起增产作用的主要作物是水稻,在水稻/花生为3:3和4:2的2种间作方式下,间作水稻分别比单作水稻产量提高58.9％和31.8％,间作对花生产量的影响不显著。水稻与花生间作可明显提高水稻叶片的含氮量,如在水稻单作、水稻/花生为3:3和4:2间作方式,水稻叶片的含氮量分别为21.2、24.9、22.8 g·kg-1,间作水稻含氮比单作水稻分别提高17.5％和7.5％,经方差分析,不同处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。花生间作后其叶片叶绿素含量显著下降,而水稻叶片叶绿素含量表现出间作条件下高于单作。间作减缓了土壤矿质氮下降的速度,提高了土壤的氮素可持续性利用水平。更多还原

【Abstract】 Rice cultivation in aerobic soil makes it possible to intercrop with legumes since most of the legumes can only be grown in aerobic soil. Little information is available on the effects of groundnut intercropped with rice cultivated in aerobic soil. A 2-yr (2001-2002) field experiment was carried out to examine the yield advantage of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) intercropped with rice cultivated in aerobic soil from the view point of nitrogen nutrition of plant and the effects of intercropping system on soil inorganic N. The results indicated that the relative advantages of intercropping, expressing as land equivalent ratio (LER), were 1.18 and 1.36 in intercropping system of 4:2 and 3:3 (the ratio of lines between rice and groundnut) in 2002 and 1.41 with intercropping sysytem of 3 : 3 in 2001. The treatment of groundnut/rice intercropping increased the grain yield of rice by 18%-41% compared with sole rice cropping system. The intercropping system had a greater influence on yield of rice than that of groundnut. The yield of rice in intercropping system increased by 31.8% and 58.9% in treatments with the ratio between rice and groundnut at 4:2 and 3:3 respectively, compared with sole cropping of rice in 2002. The ratio between rice and groundnut at 3:3 was better than that at 4:2. Nitrogen concentration in rice leaves under intercropping condition was higher than that of rice cultivated in sole cropping, i.e., N concentrations in rice leaves were 21.2, 24.9 and 22.8 g·kg-1 in treatments of rice sole cropping and the ratio between rice and groundnut at 3 : 3 and 4 : 2 respectively. As compared with sole cropping N concentrations in rice leaves were increased by 7.5% and 17.5% in treatments of the ratio between rice and groundnut at 4 : 2 and 3 : 3,respectively. As a result, chlorophyll content (indicated by SPAD reading) in rice leaves in intercropping treatment was also increased significantly. The decrease of soil inorganic N was significantly alleviated in intercropping system. Nutrient use efficiency in intercropping system was also discussed from the view point of plant nutritional ecology.更多还原