【摘要】 以1990年建立的国家褐潮土土壤肥力与肥料效益长期监测基地(北京昌平站)的长期肥料定位试验为研究平台,于2002年进行了长期不同施肥制度对玉米产量和品质影响的研究。结果表明,长期不同施肥制度对土壤养分影响大小次序为速效磷>全磷>全氮>碱解氮>速效钾>有机质,NPKM处理的土壤养分增加量大于其它处理;各处理对玉米产量的影响为:NPKM>NPK>NP>PK>NK>N>CK;长期施NPKM和NPK肥提高了玉米籽粒中蛋白质、氨基酸总量和必需氨基酸的含量,同时还提高了籽粒中的粗脂肪和粗灰分含量;长期施N、NK肥,籽粒中淀粉和粗脂肪的含量降低,虽然提高了蛋白质含量,但因产量低,其单位面积蛋白质产量也较低;长期施PK肥,降低了籽粒中蛋白质、氨基酸、淀粉和可溶性糖的含量,同时降低了籽粒醇溶蛋白、谷蛋白和赖氨酸的含量。更多还原

【Abstract】 Fixed-site long-term fertilization experiments were carried out in 2002 in “Beijing Fluvo-aquic Soil Fertilityand Fertilizer Efficiency Long Term Monitoring Base (BFSFFELTMB, founded in 1990) to study the effects of differentlong-term fertilization systems on grain yield and quality of maize. The results showed that ⑴ The influences of differentlong-term fertilization systems on soil nutrition were Olsen P>Total P> Total N>Avail N> Avail K>OM. Increment of soilnutrients of NPKM treatment was the highest among all the fertilizer treatments. ⑵The yield of different fertilizer treatmentswere NPKM> NPK> NP> PK> NK> N> CK. ⑶The contents of protein, amino acids, essential amino acids, crude oil andashes of the grains in NPKM and NPK treatments were higher than other treatments. ⑷ In N and NK treatments, the proteincontent of the grains was high, however , the yields of protein were low due to their low grain yields; the contents of starchand crude oil of grains were low too. ⑸ In the case of long term absence of N fertilizer, namely the PK treatment, the contentsof protein, amino acid, total starch, soluble sugar, alcohol soluble protein, glutelin, Lys in the grain decreased.更多还原