【摘要】 梅兰希顿少年时受人文学者罗伊希林的培养与伊拉斯莫的熏陶 ,成为一位著名的人文学者 ,后来 ,他积极投身于宗教改革运动 ,全力支持马丁·路德。他既是奥格斯堡信纲的起草人 ,也是后继路德的德国宗教改革的领导人。但他在去世后的三百年间却一直默默无闻。他与路德的分歧在于他希望与天主教会妥协 ,而正统路德宗反对人文学者在教会内部推行宗教改革的主张。或许是时代的局限所致 ,由是 ,伊拉斯莫、莫尔、罗伊希林与梅兰希顿最终均走上了悲剧性的宿命之路。经过 1 9世纪以后的反思 ,学术界对人文学者的评价有所提高更多还原

【Abstract】 Philip Melanchthon was born in a border city Bretten between Schwaben and Pfalz (or Palatinate) on February 16, 1497. Humanism predominated in Melanchthon’s education, his studies having been directed by Reuchlin, famed Hebraist and Humanist. In his youth, Philip was profoundly influenced by Erasmus, a great Dutch humanist. In the best tradition of the time, Melanchthon was a famous humanist. In 1518, he became the first professor of Greek in the University of Wittenberg. Then, he actively gave himself to the Reformation, and supported Martin Luther with his all-out effort. He was a writer of Loci Communes Rerum Theologicarum and Augsburg Confession and Apolog, which have influenced almost every major development in Protestantism, and he was the first theologian of Lutheran and succeeded Luther as leader of German Reformation. Historians usually rank Melanchthon only next to Luther and Calvin.Melanchthon was also an eminent educationalist, and his educational plan was widely followed throughout Germany. Through him, his textbook and the teachers he trained virtually, the whole educational system in Germany was reorganized. He helped to found or reform the Universities of K?nigsberg, Jena, Marburg ,Wittenberg, Cologne, Tübingen and Leipzig. He received the title of ″Preceptor of Germany″.But for 300 years after his death Melanchthon remained in obscurity. His later years were occupied with controversies within evangelical church and fruitless conferences with his Roman Catholic adversaries. He was bitterly criticized by fellow Protestants. He died in 1560 and was buried in Wittenberg beside Luther. The divergence between Melanchthon and Luther appeared: that he desired to compromise with Catholic Romans Church, while the Gneisio- Lutherans opposed humanists to advocate reformation in the internal Church. Luther insisted on making faith itself the principle of sanctification, but Melanchthon increasingly emphasized good works as the inevitable fruits of faith. Erasmus, More, Reuchlin and Melanchthon went to a tragic fatal road. Maybe this is an epochal limit. Since the 19th century, the appraisement of the humanists has been put to a higher position in the academic community.更多还原