【摘要】 目的　分析中国汉族骨髓供者的人类白细胞抗原 (HLA)多态性 ,并寻找和鉴定新的HLA等位基因。方法　采用序列特异性引物聚合酶链反应、DNA测序技术以及分子克隆等以DNA为基础的HLA基因分型技术。结果　共鉴定 6 96 5人份无关汉族骨髓供者的HLA A、B、DRB1座位上的等位基因 ,其中 4 70 7人份为南方汉族个体 ,2 2 5 8人份为北方汉族个体。在受检群体中共检出 72种HLA特异性 ,包括过去很少在汉族人群中被检测到的HLA A2 5、A34、A74、B4 1、B4 2、B5 3、B73、B81等。HLA A、B、DRB1座位上尚未被检测出的空白基因频率分别小于 0 .2 0 % ,0 .2 5 %和 0 .70 %。发现 3个新等位基因 ,已被WHO命名为HLA A 0 2 5 3N ,HLA A 1114和HLA B 5 6 10。结论　在骨髓供者HLA分型中使用以DNA为基础的基因分型技术 ,可以得到精确可靠的基因频率以及发现新的等位基因。一些HLA基因在南北汉族人群中的分布有明显的差异 ,为了能最大限度地募集到带有不同HLA分型的骨髓供者 ,有必要在我国南北多个地区筛选骨髓供者更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To analyze human leukocyte antigen(HLA) polymorphism and search for new alleles in Chinese Han population bone marrow registry donors. Methods DNA-based HLA genotyping methods were used including PCR-SSP, BST and molecular cloning. Results A total of 6965 unrelated donors, 4707 from South China origin and 2258 from north, were typed for HLA-A, B, and DRB1 loci. Seventy-two specificities of HLA alleles were identified. The HLA-A25,A34,A74,B41,B42,B53,B73 and B81 that were rarely reported in previously Chinese population studies were identified in this study. Estimation of gene frequency indicated that the blank gene frequency was less than 0.2% for HLA-A, 0.25% for HLA-B and 0.70% for HLA-DRB1 loci. Three novel alleles were identified and officially assigned by the World Health Organization (WHO) Nomenclature Committee as A*0253N, A*1114 and B*5610 . Conclusion Large-scale DNA-based HLA genotyping used in bone marrow registry donors is highly accurate and reliable for estimating gene frequency and searching for new alleles. The discrepancy of HLA gene distribution between South and North China Han population showed the necessity of setting the more regions in South and North China to screen the bone marrow registry donors for bone marrow transplant.更多还原