【摘要】 目的探讨内窥镜下经口咽入路进行寰枢椎手术的可行性。方法测量50套寰枢椎标本的寰椎前弓长度,枢椎齿突高度、最大横径及矢状径,枢椎上关节面最大横径及矢状径。在20具完整头颈部标本上分别按传统及内窥镜下方法行寰枢椎模拟手术,手术完成后将标本解剖,研究内窥镜下经口咽入路的手术方法、减压效果及手术“安全区域”。结果寰椎前弓长度为(19.8±2.3)mm,齿突高度为(15.9±1.9)mm、最大横径为(10.5±0.6)mm、最大矢状径为(11.5±1.9)mm,枢椎上关节面最大横径为(15.1±1.6)mm、最大矢状径为(17.7±1.3)mm,均满足内窥镜下手术要求。内窥镜下寰枢椎手术可以寰椎前结节为定位标记,行寰椎前弓、齿突切除,侧块关节面打磨。寰椎前弓切除可采用由寰椎前结节向两侧磨除或前结节两侧磨断后完整摘除前结节两种方法;齿突则由尖部向下顺行磨削切除;打磨侧块关节面时需平移或倾斜工作通道,关节面打磨宽度应在12mm以内,深度不宜超过10mm。内窥镜下手术减压范围宽度(14.8±0.8)mm,高度(16.1±0.7)mm,深度(19.1±1.0)mm,与传统组差异无显著性。内窥镜下经口咽入路寰枢椎手术的“安全区域”位于寰枢椎前面,近似矩形,宽(45.9±3.6)mm、高(29.4±2.5)mm。结论内窥镜下经口咽入路行寰枢椎手术对局部解剖结构显露清晰,操作精细,更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To evaluate the feasibility of endoscopic transoral-transpharyngeal approach to the upper cervical. Methods Anatomic characteristics were observed and measured in the anterior column of 50 dry atlas and axis specimens. Conventional and endoscopic methods to decompress the spinal cord and excise the cartilage surface of the atlantoaxial joint by transoral-transpharyngeal approach were taken respectively in two groups of cadaveric heads and necks. All the cadaveric specimens were then open dissected to evaluate endoscopic operation methods, decompression size and the "safe zone". Results The anterior arch of atlas was of a length of (19.8±2.3) mm, the height of odontoid was (15.9±1.9) mm, the width (10.5±0.6) mm, and the thickness (11.5±1.9) mm; the maximal transverse diameter of superior facet of axis was (15.1±1.6) mm, and the anteroposterior one was (17.7±1.3) mm. The anterior tubercle of the atlas could be acted as landmark leading to the endoscopic atlantoaxis surgery. The arch could be drilled either from the tubercle to the lateral side or broken from the junction to the lateral mass. Endoscopic odontoid dissection should begin at the apex of the odontoid, and proceed inferiorly. It was necessary to move or slope the working tube to explore atlantoaxial lateral joint and dissect its cartilage, but the width and depth of cartilage dissection should be limited to 12 mm and 10 mm in order to avoid damage to vertebral artery and spinal cord. Measurements after postoperative open dissection showed that endoscopic decompression size were not significantly different from that of conventional method. There was a "safe zone" in the front of atlantoaxis of transoral-transpharyngeal approach, with (45.9±3.6) mm wide and (29.4±2.5) mm high. Conclusion Endoscopic transoral-transpharyngeal approach to the upper cervical is technically feasible, which had a good exploration and could get the same decompressing size with conventional transoral-transpharyngeal approach.更多还原