【摘要】 以无覆盖处理为对照 ,研究了夏季平铺黑塑膜对土壤温度的影响。研究显示 ,黑膜覆盖可使 5cm、10cm、15cm、2 0cm、30cm、4 0cm的土壤温度达到 30 4～ 4 8 6℃、2 9 9～ 4 3 4℃、30 2～ 39 3℃、31 3～ 36 6℃、2 9 8～ 33 4℃、2 9 0～ 31 9℃ ,比对照分别提高 4 8～ 13 0℃、4 1～ 10 1℃、4 4～ 9 0℃、3 5～ 6 4℃、2 7～ 5 1℃、1 7～ 4 2℃ ,平均提高 9 8℃、8 0℃、6 6℃、5 0℃、4 1℃、3 3℃。随土壤深度增加 ,覆盖的增温效果下降。就温度持续时间而言 ,4 0d覆盖使 5cm超过 4 0℃～ 4 8℃的累积时间分别达到 173 2h、133 0h、98 3h、5 7 3h、2 9 5h、12 3h、7 5h、5 0h、2 0h ;10cm超过 4 0℃～ 4 3℃的累积时间依次为 32 7h、11 5h、6 8h和 3 0h ;15cm超过 34℃～ 39℃的累积时间依次为 2 89 8h、198 5h、10 6 7h、39 7h、10 3h和 3 8h ;2 0cm超过 34℃～ 36℃的累积时间依次为 14 2 8h、4 3 3h和 3 7h ;2 0cm以下的土层 ,土壤温度不能达到 34℃。在 5cm、10cm、15cm、2 0cm、30cm、4 0cm土层 ,晴好天气土壤温度为阴天土壤温度的 1 6倍、1 4 5倍、1 3倍、1 15倍、1 0 3倍和 0 96倍。覆盖使土壤日温差加大 ,并随深度增加而递减。 5cm、10cm、15cm、2 0cm、30cm、4 0cm?更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on experiment conducted in the greenhouse during 2, August to 10, Sep 2002 in Huimin, Shandong province,the paper studied the effect of black plastic mulching on soil temperature. Results showed that the black plastic mulching improved the soil temperature of 5cm, 10cm, 15cm, 20cm, 30cm and 40cm depths to 30.4-48.6℃, 29.9-43.4℃, 30.2-39.3℃, 31.3-36.6℃, 29.8-33.4℃, 29.0-31.9℃,increased 4.8-13.0℃, 4.1-10.1℃, 4.4-9.0℃, 3.5-6.4℃, 2.7-5.1℃, 1.7-4.2℃ compared with the CK(un-mulched). The mulching effect decreased with the increase of soil depth. In terms of duration, mulching in an extremely clear day will have a much better effect on soil temperature than that in an ordinary day; During the whole mulching period, the cumulative hours of temperature higher than 40℃-48℃ (1 ℃ interval) 5cm soil depth are 173.2h, 133.0h, 98.3h, 57.3h, 29.5h, 12.3h, 7.5h, 5.0h, 2.0h respectively. The cumulative hours higher than 40℃-43℃ in 10cm are respectively 32.7h, 11.5h, 6.8h and 3.0h. The cumulative hours higher than 34℃-39℃ in 15cm are respectively 289.8h, 198.5 h, 106.7h, 39.7h, 10.3h and 3.8h. The cumulative hours higher than 34℃-36℃ in 20cm are respectively142.8h, 43.3h and 3.7h. Below 20cm, soil temperature cannot reach 34℃. At the depth of 5cm, 10cm, 15cm, 20cm, 30cm and 40cm in an extremely clear day, the soil temperature can be 1.6, 1.45, 1.3, 1.15, 1.03 and 0.96 times as many as that in an extremely cloudy day. Mulching also increased the value of temperature difference, which was 5.1-20.6℃, 3.2-14.2℃, 2.8-11.3℃, 2.5-6.2℃, 1.7-3.6℃, 0.9 -2.3℃ at 5cm, 10cm, 15cm, 20cm, 30cm and 40cm respectively, decreasing with soil depth. Among which, the difference ranged 15.0-20.6℃ at 5cm and 10.0-14.2℃ at 10cm accounted for 85% and 82.5% of the mulched period. It was concluded that satisfactory control for soil born disease will be achieved at 0-20cm soil depth.更多还原