【摘要】 矿业是国民经济发展的基础产业,在我国经济社会发展中起到了不可替代的重大作用。面对21世纪我国矿产资源的严峻形势,矿业的基础地位仍必须加强,为我国今后的经济安全和社会发展提供有力的保障。另一方面,我国的矿产资源开发同时还产生了环境的负面效应。如采矿、选矿、冶炼中产生大量的废渣(废石和尾矿)、废水和废气,对周围甚至更大范围的土壤、水体和大气造成了严重污染,包括重金属、侵蚀性物质、有毒化学物质及放射性污染。又如开矿需要剥离岩土和地表植被,使生态环境遭到破坏。此外,矿产资源的开发还引发各种地质灾害。如地面坍塌、地面沉降、山体崩塌、滑坡、泥石泥、水土流失等。大量资料表明,有的地区因矿产资源开发而破坏、污染环境和造成地质灾害所带来的经济损失已抵消甚至超过了矿产经济效益,并造成了严重的人员伤亡。因此必须解决好矿产资源开发中的环境保护问题。矿产开发与环境保护之间存在一定的矛盾,迄今未得到很好解决。根据目前国内外矿产资源开发的问题和经验,笔者提出矿产资源与生态环境资源同步开发的一体化思路。即将矿产资源开发与生态环境保护统一起来。①建立绿色矿业开发模式,保证区域生态环境容量、社会价值与矿产开发规模、速度和经济价值的协调性;②实行生态环境有偿利用?更多还原

【Abstract】 The mining industry is the base of national economy and plays an irreplaceable role in the development of economy and society.Facing the challenge of 21^st century’s mineral resources,China should intensify the mining industry’s basic position in order to ensure its economic safety and development of society.It is definite that developing mining industry will exacerbate certain environmental side effects,such as mining wastes（spoils,tailings,waste gas and water）and large scale of water-and soil-pollution（including heavy metals,organic materials,toxic and radiometric pollutants）.The excavation related to mining destroys arable soils and vegetation,causing many ecological and environmental problems.Additionally,it may result in some hazards like land collapse and subsidence,landslide,debris flow and soil erosion.Statistics showed that in some areas the economic loss related to mining pollutants and pertinent hazards counteracted or even exceeded the mining profits and caused serious casualties.Consequently,the environment protection must be reasonably considered in the mining development.They are two conflicting factors that mostly fail to be properly balanced to date.On the basis of some domestic and international examples concerning the mining development,the authors propose a synchonous plan for developing both mineral resources and ecological environment,unifying these two conflicting activities together.Firstly,making the development of mineral resources compatible with the regional ecosystem and rationally considering both economic and social values through establishing a green mining development model.Secondly,executing a system under which the ecological environment can be only used in a chargeable way.Thirdly,intensifying studies of environment protection of ore fields and promptly applying relevant techniques to the protection in order to solve environmental problems in a cheaper way.Lastly,legislating for compatibly running the development of mineral resources and ecosystem protection and strictly implementing related laws through a powerful organization network:multi-units supervising and one unit directing.更多还原