【摘要】 为了揭示人为干扰对淡水湖泊水生植物多样性的影响 ,本文采用断面法 ,应用全球定位系统 (GPS)技术与地理信息系统 (GIS)技术 ,比较研究了所受干扰强度各不相同的两湖平原的白莲湖、海口湖 (轻度干扰 )、长湖、西凉湖 (较强度干扰 )、大通湖与武山湖 (重度干扰 )水生植物多样性的现状及其 2 0年来的变化 ,并探讨了人为干扰强度与植物多样性丰富程度及丧失程度间的关系。主要结论是 (1) 2 0 0 1年白莲湖、海口湖、长湖、西凉湖、大通湖与武山湖各分布有水生植物 6 9、 6 7、 98、 77、 5 6和 38种 ,6个湖泊各有水生植物群丛类型 14、 14、 14、 13、 6和 0个 ,植被覆盖率分别为 10 0 %、 96 18%、 6 5 32 %、 6 1 18%、10 6 0 %和 0 % ,全湖平均单位面积生物量分别是 2 2 31g m2 、 2 718g m2 、 1816g m2 、 14 71g m2 、2 5 6g m2 和 0g m2 。 (2 ) 2 0年来 ,6个湖泊各有 1、 1、 6、 7、 9和 2 9种水生植物消失 ,消失的水生植物群丛类型数目分别是 1、 1、 4、 4、 5和 6个 ,水生植被覆盖率分别下降了0 %、 3 82 %、 32 85 %、 37 80 %、 5 9 4 0 %和 91 0 0 %。 (3)多样性丰富程度的现状是白莲湖、海口湖 >长湖、西凉湖 >大通湖、武山湖 ,丰富程度与所受干扰强度成负相关关系 ;多样性丧失程度与所更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to reveal the effects of human disturbance on aquatic plant diversity in freshwater lakes,the species and community diversity of aquatic plant,and their long-term changes in six freshwater lakes of Dongting-Poyang District (Lake Bailian and Haikou under lightly disturbance,Changhu and Xiliang under heavy disturbance,Datong and Wushan under very heavy disturbance) were comparatively studied by means of Transect Sampling Method,Global Position System Technique (GPS) and Geographical Information System Technique(GIS).The main results are as follows:(1)It was found that Lake Bailian,Haikou,Changhu,Xiliang,Datong and Wushan contained 69,67,98,77,56,38 aquatic plant species and 14,14,14,13,6,0 associations,respectively in 2001.Their coverages reached to 100%,96.18%,65.32%,61.18%,10.60%,0% and mean biomass 2231?g/m~2,2718?g/m~2,1816?g/m~2,1471?g/m~2,256?g/m~2,0?g/m~2 (fresh weight),respectively.(2)As compared with the data obtaining from the surveys in 1980 to 1982,1,1,6,7,9 and 29 species,and 1,1,4,4,5 and 6 associations of aquatic plant disappeared from the six lakes respectively in the last twenty years.Their respective vegetation coverage decreased by 0%,3.82%,32.85%,37.80%,59.4% and 91.00%.(3)According to the statistics of plant species,there appeared a gradient as follows:Lake Bailian,Haikou>Changhu,Xiliang>Datong,Wushan.Their different current situations clearly reflected that in the past twenty years thery had suffered from human disturbance in different degrees.(4)The main biological mechanism for the loss of aquatic plants is that human disturbance destroyed the rhizomes and the dormant kuds can’t formed.更多还原