【摘要】 通过多年的小区试验、高产攻关与高产示范,对冬小麦不同栽培方法的冬前主茎叶龄数、基本苗和施肥量进行了研究。结果表明,高倍繁殖良种、精播、半精播和大播量高产栽培,冬前适宜的主茎叶龄数分别为8叶1心～9叶1心、6叶1心～7叶1心、5叶1心～6叶1小心、3叶1心～4叶1心,基本苗/每公顷分别为30万左右、75～180万、195～270万、冬前茎数与穗数相当或主茎与第1～2子蘖成穗(有第1子蘖成穗基本苗不宜超过525万/hm2)。在中等及其以上土壤肥力,小麦产量6750～7500kg/hm2,以持续高产和提高土壤肥力为前提,每年应施优质有机肥45000kg/hm2、纯N180～210kg/hm2、P2O590～120kg/hm2。中穗型品种创高产,比大穗型和小穗型稳妥。更多还原

【Abstract】 Through many years of survey and investigation of plot tests and high-yielding cultivation, the main stem stage, the basic seedlings and the fertilizer rate were studied. The result showed that the main stem stage of wheat to get seed shouldrd be 8 leaves with 1 core to 9 leaves with 1 core before winter. The intensive cultivation wheat should be 6 leaves with 1core to 7 leaves with 1 core. The half intensive cultivation wheat should be 5 leaves with 1 core to 6 leaves with 1 core and the high-sowing wheat should be 3 leaves with 1 core to 4 leaves with 1 core. the basic seedlings should be 20 thousand, 50～120 thousand, 130～180 thousand per hm². And the stem number per hm² should be as many as the spike number.The suitable organic fertilizer rate was 45 000 kg/hm²,nitrogen rate was 180～210 kg/hm² and P₂O₅ rate was 90～120 kg/hm² to maintain a high-yielding level and improve the soil fertility.And the mid-spike wheat was easy to get high-yield as contrasted with the big-spike type and small-spike type.更多还原