【摘要】 从优树选择方法入手,提出了油松(Pinustabulaeformis)标准差选优方法及标准;建成油松育种资源基因库5.6hm2,收集油松优良家系及优良个体299个;通过油松球果生命史的调查,掌握了油松球果在其生长发育过程中的损失情况;进行了油松无性系再选择和留优去劣疏伐以及截顶等母树修剪试验,提高了园内花期温度,改善了通风透光条件,加强了花粉的传播,促进了油松母树开花结实;施肥可使球果产量提高26%～62.5%,种类以N、P为主,时间为4、7月;人工辅助授粉和病虫害防治能够提高座果率和种子品质,减少球果在其生长发育过程中的损失;提出了一整套促进油松种子园种子丰产的综合技术,使良种产量由原来的平均11.5kg/hm2提高到26.0kg/hm2.更多还原

【Abstract】 This study started with selection of plus-tree and has put forward the method of its selection by means of standard deviation. 5.6 hm~2 breeding gene bank of Pinus tabulaeformis was eatablished, and 299 superior families and individuals were selected. Through survey of life history of P. tabulaeformis cones, loss of the cones during growing and developing was revealed. Such trials as re-selection of the clones, thinning of keeping fine and removing inferiors trees, topping of mother-trees were conducted, which increased temperature of flowering period in orchard, improved aeration and sunlight penetration, helped spread of pollens and promoted flowering and fruiting of the mother-trees. Fertilizer application could increase cone yield by 26%～62.5%, and fertilizer should be mainly those of N and P, and be applied in April and July. Artificial supplementary pollination and control of pests and diseases could improve fruiting percentage and seed quality and decrease the cone loss. Finally, a set of comprehensive technique for improving seed yield of seed orchard, which could increase the seed yield from 11.5 kg/hm~2 to 26.0 kg/hm~2 averagely is suggested.更多还原