【摘要】 航天器在太空自由漂移时出现失重状态 .当存在各种干扰力时 ,呈现微重力状态 .失重状态使得物体各部分之间不产生压力作用或者形变作用 ,对此开展的研究称之为微重力科学 .微重力用微重力加速度的值度量 .准稳态加速度来自大气阻力、潮汐力、太阳辐射压等 ,分析得到“神舟”号飞船的准稳态加速度在 1 0 -7g0 以下 .瞬变加速度和振动加速度可用石英挠性加速度计检测 .“神舟”号飞船的微重力测量仪器具有三轴检测、守时、统计分析、依照预先注入的指令准实时传送微重力统计数据或原始数据的能力 .该仪器带宽为 (0 .0 6— 1 0 0 )Hz,分辨率 5 μg0 ,量程 (- 1 0— +1 0 )mg0 ,沿飞行轴线还有一个放大为 (- 1 5 0— +1 5 0 )mg0 的量程 .该仪器对“神舟一号”到“神舟五号”各艘飞船轨道运行段实施全过程连续监测 ,准实时提供了飞船各种动作发生的时刻及引起的加速度量值 ,为飞船飞行控制、有效载荷动作监测和空间微重力科学实验分析提供了有效服务更多还原

【Abstract】 A free flying spacecraft is in a state of weightlessness, but when there are various disturbing forces it experiences microgravity. In the weightless state there is no pressure or deformation action between the parts of an object, and the study of this state is known as microgravity science. Microgravity is quantified by the level of the micro-gravitational acceleration. Quasi-steady acceleration arises due to the atmospheric drag, tide forces, solar radiation pressure, etc. The quasi-steady acceleration on the "Shenzhou" series of spaceships is analyzed to be below 10 -7 g 0. The transient and vibrational acceleration can be detected by a quartz flexible accelerometer. The microgravity measurement instruments in "Shenzhou" have the following functions: triaxial measurement, timekeeping, statistics, and transmission of microgravity statistical or original data in quasi-real-time according to pre-programmed commands. The relevant parameters are: (0.06-100) Hz bandwidth, 5μ g 0 resolution and (-10-+10) m g 0 measurement range, with an additional amplification range of (-150-+150) m g 0 along the flight axis. The instruments have continuously monitored the acceleration throughout the complete orbital flights of the spaceships "Shenzhou" 1 to 5, so the time at which the various maneuvers occurred and the acceleration values caused by these maneuvers were provided in quasi-real-time. The measurement data were employed for flight control of the spaceships, maneuver monitoring of the payloads and data analysis of the microgravity science experiments in space.更多还原