【摘要】 简要介绍了金属氢的研究意义和应用前景 ,详细评述了有关的高压实验方法和最近的研究成果及进展 ,特别是固体氢的相图、结构和相变 .近十多年来 ,随着超高压技术的发展 ,已能在金刚石对顶砧 (DAC)上产生30 0GPa的静态压力 ,并可进行高压原位实验研究 .对固体氢进行了高压拉曼、同步辐射X射线、光反射和吸收、同步辐射红外光谱等一系列高压物性和相变研究 .从而确定了固体氢的三个相 ,并提出了可能的相结构 .更多还原

【Abstract】 Studies on metallic hydrogen and its applications are presented. The experimental methods at high pressure and recent progress in investigations on solid hydrogen are reviewed in detail, with emphasis on its phase diagram, phase structures and phase transitions. In the last decade, with the development of high-pressure techniques, it is now possible to generate static pressures of 300GPa in diamond anvil cell (DAC) and to carry out experiments in situ at high pressure. A series of techniques, including Raman scattering, synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction, optical absorption and reflection and synchrotron infrared spectroscopy, have been used to study the physical properties and phase transitions of solid hydrogen at high pressure. Thus, three phases of solid hydrogen have been determined and their possible structures proposed.更多还原