【摘要】 对小麦氮素营养与籽粒灌浆期氮素转移研究进展进行了综述。过去进行的大量研究结果表明,小麦籽粒最终累积的氮素有相当一部分来自于灌浆期间营养器官中氮素的再转移,来自营养器官氮(内源氮)与土壤中新吸收氮(外源氮)的比例基本上是1:2。因此,花后营养器官氮素营养水平是决定小麦籽粒产量、籽粒中氮素累积量和蛋白质含量的一个重要因素。灌浆期间营养器官氮素向籽粒发生转移的同时,常常伴随着叶片光合性能的下降和叶片的衰老。不同基因型品种在灌浆期的氮素转移程度不同,表现为随品种演替,旗叶、茎秆和叶鞘中氮素的输出率增加,而转移氮对籽粒氮的贡献率却下降。氮收获指数(NHI)可以描述植物向籽粒分配氮的能力,是衡量作物对氮利用效率的指标。氮收获指数存在显著的基因型差异,虽然现代小麦品种吸氮量高于古老品种,但氮收获指数在现代和古老小麦品种间的差异因不同研究者而异,有的认为现代品种高于古老品种,但也有人认为与年代无关;小麦氮收获指数一般在0.55～0.80之间,很少超过0.8。过去对小麦籽粒灌浆期间的氮素转移虽然进行了大量研究工作,取得了许多重要进展,但仍有许多问题需要进一步深入研究,如根冠关系和灌浆过程中氮素转移的相互关系,田间个体和群体调控及不同高产栽培模式下灌浆过程中氮素转移的更多还原

【Abstract】 The research advancement of wheat nitrogen nutrition and nitrogen transportation in wheat grain filling was reviewed in this paper. A certain number of nitrogen in wheat grain came from the nitrogen’s transportation again in nutritive organ. Nitrogen nutrition was an important element, which determined the wheat’s production. With the nitrogen in nutritive organ transportation, leaves, photothesis was decreased and leaves consenescence. The ratio of nitrogen from nutritive organ and from soil was about 1∶2 in the ear. With the cultivate evolvement, flag leaves, stem and leaf involucrum of nitrogen export ratio increased, but the transported nitrogen’s contribution decreased, the different genotype cultivate nitrogen transfer is different. Nitrogen harvest index (NHI) can describe the plant’s ability of transferring nitrogen to grain, and it can also describe the nitrogen-utilized efficiency. NHI has genotype difference, the quality of absorbed nitrogen of modern wheat cultivate was higher then that of the old, but others considered it have nothing with age. The wheat’s NHI is about between 0.55~0.80, but few were over 0.8. The substance transportation in wheat grain filling had achieved much important advancement, but there are many problems should be profound researched, such as the interaction relationship of root and shoot’srelationship and nitrogen transportation in grain filling, the relationship of individuality and colony in field, the difference of nitrogen transportation in grain filling in different high-produce cultural styling, the relationship of nitrogen transportation in grain filling and plant nitrogen gas loss, the effect of water and nutrient stress on nitrogen transportation, the relationship of grain filling characteristics and nitrogen transportation. There are very important theory and practice meaning for revealing the nitrogen transportation in wheat grain filling, enriching wheat grain and quality formed theory, directing wheat breeding, make wheat high produce, good quality and high effect.更多还原