【摘要】 通过数值求解非线性薛定谔方程,来分析温度在绝对零度时束缚在谐振子势阱中弱相互作用玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚(BEC)的特性.在一维的情况下,利用定态薛定谔方程,得到了一维谐振势下的基态波函数,同时求得单粒子的基态能量.进一步,利用含时薛定谔方程,研究了宏观波函数随时间的演化,特别是当势阱随时间变化或受扰动的情况.研究表明,一维情况下,不论正散射长度还是负散射长度的原子都可以形成BEC,且非线性相互作用在一定范围内时负散射长度原子的解具有孤立子的性质.更多还原

【Abstract】 Numerical solution of nonlinear Schrodinger equation (NLSE) can be used to describe an inhomogeneous,weakly interact Bose-Einstein condensate in a small harmonic trap potential at zero temperature. In one dimension situation, we find solutions for the NLSE for ground-state condensate wave function, and obtain the ground-state condensate energy per particle. Furthermore, with the time-dependent NLSE, we can examine the time evolution of the macroscopic wave function even when the trap potential is changed on a time scale comparable to that of the condensate dynamics, a situation that can be easily achieved in magneto-optical traps. We show that there are stable solutions for atomic species with both positive and negative s-wave scattering length in one-dimensional (1D) system for a fixed number of atoms, and the negative scattering length solutions have solitonlike properties.更多还原