【摘要】 利用扫描电子显微镜对一台氨油分离器的爆裂断口进行了观察,分析了裂纹形成的机理,找出了容器失效的原因。认为这起事故主要是由于处于拉应力状态下的容器,在液氨特定介质的作用下,材料发生应力腐蚀,引起晶间裂纹的产生和扩展,最终导致了容器的爆裂。为减少和避免类似事故的发生,对在特定介质中运转的压力容器的设计、制造及使用等方面提出了一些方法。更多还原

【Abstract】 The fracture appearances of the exploded container for separating oil from the liquid ammonia are examined with a scanning electronic microscope, the mechanism for crack nucleation is analyzed, and the main reasons for the failure of the container are identified. It is deemed that the material of the container, which is in tensile stress state and operating in the specific working medium of liquid ammonia, is stress-corroded. The stress-corrosion cracks nucleate and rapidly propagate, resulting in the explosion of the container at last. In order to avoid similar accidents, several suggestions are made on designing, manufacturing and using of pressure containers operating in specific media according to the relevant references.更多还原