【摘要】 计量资料是由数值变量组成的、通过测定观察指标数值大小所获得的资料。在临床科研中,收集的数据中往往包含了很多数值变量。由这些变量组成的计量资料必须根据资料设计的特点,采取相应的统计分析方法。计量资料统计分析主要分为统计描述和统计推断。统计描述主要描述资料的分布规律及其数量特征,如对资料进行集中趋势和离散趋势的测量,可以计算均数和标准差等。统计推断主要是估计均数的可信限以及作假设检验,如均数95%可信区间的估计以及进行t检验、方差分析等。本文主要对计量资料的具体统计分析方法进行阐述,以帮助临床科研人员正确分析收集的计量数据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Measurement data, which is obtained by measuring the size of numeric value, is consisted of numerical variables. In clinic research, the collected data covers quite of numerical variables. Composed of those numerical variables, the measurement data has to be correspondingly analyzed in the special statistical methods in the light of their design methods. The statistical methods of measurement data include descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics is mainly used to describe the distribution laws and the characters/features of the data. For instance, when measuring the central tendency and dispersion tendency of the data, methods such as calculating the mean and the standard deviation can be considered. Inferential statistics is mainly employed to estimate the confidence limit such as estimating the 95% confidence interval and to have the hypothesis testing in the example of having t test and analysis of variance. By highlighting the specific statistical methods of measurement data, this review intends to help the clinicians and researchers select correct statistical methods in accordance with measurement data.更多还原