【摘要】 对我国首次取得的中太平洋海山基岩和富钴结壳样品的结构构造、矿物和化学组成特征的研究表明,该区主要基岩类型为碱性玄武岩、磷块岩、磷酸盐化碳酸盐岩和燧石等,碱性玄武岩分布最广,并均有不同程度的风化.观察表明,富钴结壳的载体可以是各种岩性的基岩.玄武岩、风化火山岩和磷块岩上的结壳厚度比燧石的大,有较高的经济价值,是选矿冶炼的主要对象.对于调查区内富钴结壳形态总体上可分为三种类型:板状、砾状和结核状结壳.从以下四个方面探讨结壳与基岩之间的关系:(1)海水、基岩和结壳中主要金属元素含量特点;(2)通过聚类分析方法探讨结壳与基岩之间的亲疏程度;(3)结壳的分布特征;(4)不同基岩类型对结壳生长的影响.分析结果表明,调查区内的火山岩及磷块岩对结壳形成的贡献大(比其他类型岩石).更多还原

【Abstract】 The features of texture and structures, mineral and chemical compositions of substrate rocks and cobalt crusts in the Mid-Pacific Mountains are identified and analysed. The results indicate that the major types of substrate rocks are alkaline basalt, phosphorite, phosphatized carbonate rocks and cherts in this area. In the above-mentioned rocks, the alkaline basalt is the most widespread one, and has been weathered to some extent. The observation has shown that the carrier of cobalt crust can be all kinds of rocks. The thickness of crusts on basalts, weathered volcanic rocks, etc. is greater than that of cherts. The thicker crusts have more economic value and are major objects for dressing and smelting. The cobalt-rich crusts in the research area can be divided into three types according to the shape: plate, gravel-like and nodule-like crust.The relationships between crusts and substrate rocks have been probed from the following four aspects:(1) the characteristics of major metallic elements content in seawater, substrate rocks and crusts; (2) the different close relations between different bedrocks and crusts by cluster analysis; (3) the distribution characteristics of crusts; (4) the influence of rock types on the growth of crusts. The conclusion is that volcanic rock, phosphorite, etc. contribute to the formation of the crust.更多还原