【摘要】 应用热力学理论对工程上常见的汽液相变过程机理进行不可逆性分析 ,首次采用化学势 -压力 (μ-p)图来描述汽液相变过程 ,研究实施过程的必要热力学条件、过程进行的规律及影响因素。研究结果表明 ,在相变过程中两相间的化学势差Δμ是过程的一个重要的广义热力学驱动力 ,相变换热过程是在化学势差Δμ和温差ΔT共同作用下并结合流体的对流运动来实现的。另外 ,从化学势的角度导出汽液相变过程中汽泡临界半径的计算式。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on thermodynamics theory, the mechanism of liquid-vapor phase transition was analyzed. The chemical potential-pressure (μ-p) figure was introduced firstly to describe the liquid-vapor phase transition process. The essential thermodynamic condition, regularity and other factors affecting the liquid-vapor phase transition process were investigated. The contribution of the generalized thermodynamic driving force, the chemical potential difference, to the evolution of the process was emphasized. This indicates that the phase transition heat transfer process is achieved by combining the chemical potential difference Δμ and temperature difference ΔT with convection of fluid. In addition, the generalized expression of the critical radius of bubble for liquid-vapor phase transition process was deduced according to the chemical potential.更多还原