【摘要】 为了解决中国西北干旱区社会经济需水和生态环境需水的矛盾,应用干旱区平原绿洲耗散型水文模型,研究1992—1996年新疆渭干河平原绿洲水资源消耗过程及其组成。结果是:渭干河绿洲每年耗水约20.5亿～26亿m3;农业区的年均陆面蒸发为620～660mm,自然生态系统年均陆面蒸发为320～400mm;在绿洲耗水中,社会经济系统约占60%～65%,自然生态系统约占35%～40%;作物生长期为非充分灌溉供水。模型模拟和实测结果比较吻合,表明该模型在干旱区有一定的适应性。更多还原

【Abstract】 A dissipative hydrological model was developed to analyze the water consumption in the Weigan River plain oasis from 1992 to 1996 to resolve conflicts between water use and environmental water needs in arid Northwest China. The study shows that the annual water consumption is about 2.05×10~9 m~3 to 2.60×10~9 m~3. The simulated annual evaporation was 620 mm to 660 mm from farmland and 320 mm to 400 mm from natural ecologies. 60%～65% of the water was consumed for human activity with 35%～40% used by natural ecological system. Both normal and conserving irrigation method were considered in the estimates of crop evapotranspiration. The simulated results agree well with field tests and the model is appropriate for arid areas.更多还原