【摘要】 研制了一种一阶纵振和二阶弯振模态组合的圆柱-球体三自由度超声电机。研究了其中两个自由度的运动轨迹跟踪控制策略,并将其应用于电机样机的控制。其中,运转速度的控制采用激励电压幅值调节法,针对位置控制提出了两种运动轨迹控制策略一种是逐点比较控制,另一种是矢量分解控制。本文提出了调节激励电压幅值的3种脉冲宽度调制(PWM)方法,对这些方法作了比较,并通过一系列实验得到验证。结果表明当改变激励电压幅值时,保持3个振动模态的相位差不变和激励电压信号不失真,是简化控制过程、提高控制性能的关键;矢量控制法效果较好,并有轨迹跟踪误差小、运动平稳和噪声小等优点。更多还原

【Abstract】 A three degree-of-freedom(DOF) ultrasonic motor (USM) with a cylinder-shaped stator and a spherical rotor is introduced, which uses one first order longitudinal and two second order bending nature vibration modes of the cylinder. Control strategies for the two DOF trajectory following are studied and applied to the prototype USM. Vibration amplitude control is employed for speed regulation. The first trajectory following strategy is a step-by-step interpolation. The second strategy is vector decomposition control. Three pulse width modulation (PWM) methods for the exciting voltage regulation are investigated. These methods are compared and verified by several experiments. The key is to keep the phase differences of the three vibration constants and small exciting voltage distortion while the exciting voltages are changed for simplifing the control process and obtaining good control performance. The vector control method has advantages of small trajectory following error, smooth moving and low noise.更多还原