【摘要】 发生在18世纪60年代的第一次工业革命,其主要表现是大机器工业代替手工业,机器工厂代替手工工场。这次革命不仅使生产技术发生重大变革,生产力大大提高,而且使社会结构、生产关系发生了重大变化。英国是工业革命开始最早的国家,也是世界上第一个完成工业革命并实现了资本主义工业化的国家。为什么工业革命能首先发生在英国呢?本文拟从英国君主立宪制的确立;资本原始积累的完成;对外贸易;生产技术已经成熟;自然科学的进步;指导变革的新经济学理论以及新兴产业出现等七个方面做深入探讨。更多还原

【Abstract】 Big machine replacing handicraft, and machine factory replacing handicraft workshop, i.e. the first industrial revolution in 60es of the 18 Century. As a result, great changes took place in productive technology with the raising of productive force. Moreover, so were the social structure and productive relationship. Britain was the earlist country to begin industrial revolution, the first to accomplish it, and to realize capitalist industrialization. What was the reason? This article discusses in a deep-going way from seven aspects:the establishment of contitutional monarchy, accomplishment of primitive accumulation, foreign trade, mature productive technology, progress of science, new economic theory guiding the transformation, and the newly-rising industries.更多还原