【摘要】 根据经典热力学理论 ,在水中纳米级的气泡难以长期稳定存在。近年来却有大量的实验结果表明固液界面存在纳米气泡 ,原子力显微镜也直接观察到了纳米气泡。有关纳米气泡的研究具有巨大的理论和实际意义 ,它对表面科学、流体动力学、生物科学以及一些应用领域都有深远的影响。纳米气泡会引起流体在界面的滑移 ,减少流动阻力 ,并与表面粘附、胶体分散、矿石浮选、废渣处理等方面密切相关。目前关于纳米气泡的研究才刚刚开始 ,对于它的基本物化性质的了解还不多 ,但其重要性已经引起相关领域的极大关注。本文综述了从提出纳米气泡存在一直到实验证明的过程、纳米气泡的形成机制和形貌、分布特征等基本性质以及纳米气泡的存在对疏水长程作用和流体滑移的影响 ,并阐述了生物学中一些与纳米气泡存在有关的问题。更多还原

【Abstract】 Bubbles at nanometer scale could not exist stably according to classic theories. A lot of recent experimental results, however, have proven that there are nanobubbles at solid/water interface. The images of atomic force microscopy (AFM) in liquids revealed nanobubbles adsorbed on solid surfaces and provided the direct evidence for their existence. The presence of nanobubbles at the solid/liquid interface may be related to some important interfacial phenomena, for example the hydrophobic attraction and the slippage of simple fluids near a wall. So it has profound meanings in surface science, hydrodynamics, biology and many application fields. At present the study of nanobubbles is on the initial stage and researchers have paid enough attention to its influence. In this article the indirect and direct evidence for the presence of nanobubbles and the basic properties of nanobubbles, including its formation mechanism, morphography and distribution, are reviewed. And the influence of nanobubbles on the long rang hydrophobic interaction, fluid slippage and some biological problems is discussed.更多还原