【摘要】 从三个方面讨论了NAA在现代无机痕量分析计量学中的地位和作用:(1)相对法NAA作为比较基准法资格的论证;(2)参量法NAA作为相对法NAA"辅助"方法的特殊功能;(3)NAA在适用于微分析质量控制的新一代标准物质表征中的作用。作为首篇,本文对NAA,特别是纯仪器NAA(INAA)的原理、不确定度和溯源性作一分析,说明相对法NAA在当前最高水平上满足了"物质量咨询委员会"(ConsultativeCommitteeforAmountofSubstance,CCQM)关于比较基准法的判据。举例分析了NAA的溯源性和不确定度,进一步证明NAA的比较基准法资格,并讨论了NAA作为比较基准法的优点、当前的适用范围和可能的未来进展。最后列出了几个有关的计量学术语的定义和国际规范。更多还原

【Abstract】 The role of NAA in the metrology of modern inorganic trace analysis is to be discussed in a series of three papers, beginning from this one. They are:1)the qualification of relative NAA as a primary method of measurement; 2) the unique function of parametric NAA as a "back-up" method of relative NAA; and 3) the role of NAA in the characterization of a new generation CRMs suitable for quality control of microanalysis. The first of the series, the principle, the unceratinties and the traceability of NAA are analyzed. The qualification of NAA at the state of the art level as a primary ratio method is thus justified. An example is given to further verify the position of NAA as a primary ratio method. Advantages and drawbacks, as well as current status and future perspectives, of NAA as a primary method are discussed. Definitions of relevant terms and international norms are attached as appendices for the convenience of the reader.更多还原