【摘要】 基于量子分子动力学模型,系统地研究了从48Ca到298114一系列核素在不同温度下的最大Lyapunov指数、密度涨落以及体系多重碎裂之间的关系.发现最大Lyapunov指数随温度变化有一峰值出现(该峰值所对应的温度为"临界温度"),在该临界温度时体系的密度涨落达到最大,碎块的质量分布能够给出较好的PowerLaw指数.通过对最大Lyapunov指数与密度涨落随时间变化行为的研究,发现密度涨落的时间尺度要大于混沌的时间尺度,意味着混沌的概念可以用来研究体系的多重碎裂过程.最后还给出了有限体系相变的临界温度随体系大小变化的规律.更多还原

【Abstract】 Within a quantum molecular dynamics model we calculate the largest Lyapunov exponent (LLE), the density fluctuation, and the mass distribution of fragments for a series of nuclear systems at different initial temperatures. It is found that the LLE peaks at the temperature ("critical temperature") where the density fluctuation reaches a maximal value and the mass distribution fragments is fitted best by the Fisher’s power law from which the critical exponents for mass and charge distribution are obtained. The time-dependent behavior of the LLE and density fluctuation is studied. We find that the time scale of the density fluctuation is much longer than that of inverse LLE, which means that chaotic motion can be developed well during the process of fragment formation. The finite-size effect on "critical temperature" for nuclear systems ranging from calcium to superheavy nuclei is also studied.更多还原