【摘要】 以开采历史达百年煤炭城市-淮南矿区为例,研究煤矸石长期堆积对矿区土壤造成的重金属污染。从不同开采历史的矿井区选择7条土壤采样线,系统采集煤矸石堆附近的土壤样品,使用电感耦合等离子体全谱直读光谱仪(ICP-AES)对土壤中主要有害元素(Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn、Sn、Cr、Co)进行分析,并用沉积物标样(LKSD-1)控制分析质量。研究结果表明:煤矸石长期风化、淋溶已导致其堆边土壤中重金属发生累积性污染;不同矿井区土壤中重金属含量呈现随煤矸石堆积和风化时间长短呈递减趋势,且Cu、Co、Zn、Ni、Pb相对较易迁移,其含量在部分矿井区土壤中超过国家土壤一级污染标准,但均未超过二级污染标准,这说明煤矸石中重金属向周围土壤的迁移是一个缓慢过程。更多还原

【Abstract】 The pollution of heavy metals from coal mine spoils piled perennially in diggings soil in Huainan where have been exploited for more than 100 years was studied. Soil samples were collected from 7 sections near spoil heaps from different coal mine region with a variety of mining history. Heavy metals(Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn、Sn、Cr、Co)in samples were analyzed by IRIS Intrepid Inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry(ICP-AES) instrument in Institute of Soil Science, CAS, and the certified sample(LKSD-1) from Canada was used for analytical quality control and its results are valid with respect to accuracy and precision. The contribution of heavy metals in soil was mainly caused by the weathering and leaching of coal mining spoils, which show that the soil near heaps were polluted and the content of its metals was also accumulated. The difference of long-term accumulation and mobility of individual metal was clearly illustrated through the gradually reduce trend of their concentration in soil samples from mine districts with different mining history from 100 years to 25 years. Cu、Co、Zn、Ni、Pb appeared stronger mobile from spoils in the research mine area and their contents in several soil sections were more than the first level of national pollution standard of soil, but all metals were lower than the second, Environmental Protection Agency of China. It means that the mobility of heavy metals from spoils transferring to soil is a slow procedure.更多还原