【摘要】 根据惠更斯定理 ,给出了单轴晶体内双折射与全内双反射的光线方向和光波法线方向的普遍公式。并讨论了在晶体内沿多个面的连续双折射双反射 ,分析了前一界面输出量和后一界面输入量之间的联系 ,得到多次双折射双反射后的光线方向和光波法线方向。在此基础上 ,提出一种单块晶体集成的 1×N电光开关 ,即把多个电光调制器安置在全反射面之间。由于双折射效应 ,寻常光和非常光有不同的全内反射 ;给不同的电极对上加上半波电压改变输入光的偏振状态 ,再使光通过不同数目的反射面反射 ,最后输出光就有不同的角度。具有结构简单、插入损耗小、抗干扰性强等优点。给出了 1× 4光开关的实例。更多还原

【Abstract】 The general formulation of double refraction or internal double reflection with different directions of propagation vector and wave vector in a uniaxial crystal is analyzed in terms of the Huygens principle. Then double refraction and double reflection along the sequential interfaces in a crystal are discussed. With the relations between the output of the former interface and the input of the latter, double refraction and/or double internal reflection in a crystal along two and multiple successive interfaces can be calculated. On this basis, a configuration of electrooptic 1×N optical switch integrated in a single slab of LiNbO 3 is suggested, which consists of an array of electrooptic polarization modulators between the interfaces for total internal reflection. Due to double refraction effect, the ordinary ray and the extraordinary ray have different reflections. From different switching states of modulators, internal double reflection along the sequential interfaces of a crystal can lead to different directions of the output beam. The suggested 1×N optical switch is simple and compact in construction, low in loss and insensitive to environment. An experimental 1×4 switch is demonstrated, too.更多还原